Today in History (April 10th):
1583: Birthdays: Dutch philosopher Hugo Grotius.
1735: Birthdays: Button Gwinnett, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
1790: Merchant Robert Gray docked at Boston Harbor, becoming the first American to circumnavigate the globe. He sailed from Boston in September 1787.
1794: Birthdays: U.S. Navy Adm. Matthew Perry, who concluded the first treaty between Japan and the United States.
1827: Birthdays: Soldier, diplomat and novelist Lewis Wallace, author of Ben-Hur.
1829: Birthdays: William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army.
1847: Birthdays: Journalist and publisher Joseph Pulitzer.
1849: William Hunt of New York patented the safety pin.
1864: Austrian Archduke Maximilian became emperor of Mexico.
1866: The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was founded by Henry Bergh.
1880: Birthdays: Frances Perkins, the first woman U.S. Cabinet member (secretary of labor).
1903: Birthdays: Journalist and diplomat Clare Boothe Luce.
1912: RMS Titanic left port in Southampton, England and began its ill-fated voyage.
1915: Birthdays: Actor Harry Morgan.
1916: Professional Golfers Association of America was founded.
1919: Emiliano Zapata, a leader of peasants and indigenous people during the Mexican Revolution, was ambushed and killed in Morelos by government forces.
1921: Birthdays: Actor Chuck Connors.
1925: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was published.
1929: Birthdays: Actor Max von Sydow.
1932: Birthdays: Actor Omar Sharif.
1934: Birthdays: Writer David Halberstam.
1936: Birthdays: Football Hall of Fame member John Madden.
1938: Birthdays: Football Hall of Fame member Don Meredith.
1942: Japanese soldiers forced U.S. and Filipino prisoners of war on Bataan in the Philippines to walk to another camp in a torturous six-day Death March during which more than 5,200 Americans and many more Filipinos died.
1952: Birthdays: Actor Steven Seagal.
1954: Birthdays: Actor Peter MacNicol.
1958: Birthdays: Musician Kenneth Babyface Edmonds.
1959: Birthdays: Musician Brian Setzer.
1963: The U.S. nuclear submarine Thresher sank in the Atlantic Ocean 220 miles east of Boston. All 129 men on board were lost.
1968: Birthdays: Actor Orlando Jones.
1971: The U.S. table tennis team arrived in China, the first U.S. group to penetrate the so-called Bamboo Curtain since the 1950s.
1972: During his first visit to the United States in 20 years, movie pioneer and comic genius Charlie Chaplin accepted an honorary Academy Award for his incalculable contribution to the art of filmmaking.
1984: Birthdays: Singer Mandy Moore.
1988: Birthdays: Actor Haley Joel Osment.
1991: An Italian ferry headed to Sardinia collided with an oil tanker near Leghorn, Italy, killing 151 passengers and crew. The tanker crew survived.
1994: Two U.S aircraft bombed a Serbian command post in Bosnia. It was the first NATO air attack against ground forces.
1996: U.S. President Bill Clinton vetoed a ban on so-called partial birth abortions. The U.S. Congress was unable to override the veto.
1997: A U.S. judge in Washington ruled the Line-Item Veto Act of 1996 was unconstitutional.
1998: Britain and Ireland reached an agreement aimed at ending the long and bloody dispute over the future of Northern Ireland. The anti-impotence drug Viagra went on the market and became one of the best-selling new medications of all time.
2000: The Nasdaq plunged 258 points in its second-biggest drop, starting the dramatic fall-off in the value of technology stocks.
2006: Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was narrowly beaten in his bid for another term by former premier Romano Prodi.
2007: Three former Birmingham, Ala., college students were sentenced to federal prison for setting fire to nine rural southern U.S. churches and ordered to pay $3.1 million in restitution. Four Serbian paramilitary officers were found guilty of taking part in the Srebrenica massacre of Bosnian Muslims 13 years previously. Thousands of men and boys were reported slaughtered in a few days.
2008: A Muslim terrorist ring plot to kidnap athletes and visitors during the Summer Olympics in Beijing was uncovered, Chinese officials said. Thirty-five suspects were arrested. International observers hailed Nepal’s elections as a generally peaceful success. Nepalese voters decided to end their monarchy and adopt a republic form of government with former Maoist terrorists playing a key role.
2009: An American ship captain held by pirates off Somalia as a hostage while his crew escaped remained in captivity after unsuccessfully trying to swim away from his kidnappers.
2010: Polish President Lech Kaczynski, his wife and top government officials were among scores killed when their plane crashed while trying to land in a thick fog in western Russia.
2011: An estimated 17,500 people rallied in Tokyo to demand the shutdown of nuclear power plants. Engineers continued working to contain the crisis at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant seriously damaged by a massive earthquake and tsunami the previous month. At least seven people were killed and more than twice that many were wounded when a man opened fire with a machine gun in a Dutch shopping mall.
2012: Former U.S. Sen. Rick Santorum, R-Pa., suspended his campaign for the Republican presidential nomination.
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Quotes
“I value my garden more for being full of blackbirds than of cherries, and very frankly give them fruit for their songs.” – Joseph Addison, essayist and poet (1672-1719)
“Music is the divine way to tell beautiful, poetic things to the heart.” – Pablo Casals
“When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe.” – John Muir, naturalist, explorer, and writer (1838-1914)
“If words are to enter men’s minds and bear fruit, they must be the right words shaped cunningly to pass men’s defenses and explode silently and effectually within their minds.” – J.B. Phillips, writer and clergyman (1906-1982)
Frances Perkins (1880-1965) American educator:
“Being a woman has only bothered me in climbing trees.”
“The quality of his being one with the people, of having no artificial or natural barriers between him and them, made it possible for him to be a leader without ever being or thinking of being a dictator.”
“Most of man’s problems upon this planet, in the long history of the race, have been met and solved either partially or as a whole by experiment based on common sense and carried out with courage.”
“But with the slow menace of a glacier, depression came on. No one had any measure of its progress; no one had any plan for stopping it. Everyone tried to get out of its way.”
“In America, public opinion is the leader.”
latitudinarian
PRONUNCIATION: (lae-teh-tyu-deh-ne-ri-yen)
MEANING: (adjective), Tolerating diversity of belief and behavior, particularly with reference to religion; favoring latitude in thought or conduct.
ETYMOLOGY: In England of the mid-1600s, the term was used abusively by High Church Anglicans to deprecate members who tolerated diverse religious views and wished reason to inform theological interpretations. Such offenders were called men of latitude. From Latin latitudo “width, geographical latitude” from latus “wide.”
USAGE: “The school’s goal was to create a truly latitudinarian environment, not simply a place for trendy ‘politically correct’ beliefs.”
mens rea
PRONUNCIATION: (MENZ REE-uh)
http://wordsmith.org/words/mens_rea.mp3
MEANING: (noun),Criminal intent.
ETYMOLOGY: From Latin mens rea (guilty mind). Earliest documented use: 1861.
USAGE: “She appealed against her conviction on the basis that she did not have the required mens rea, in that she was not aware she was carrying drugs.” – Minimum 10-Year Drug Term Reduced for ‘Naive’ Offender; Irish Times (Dublin); Jan 16, 2012.
Explore “mens rea” in the Visual Thesaurus.
http://visualthesaurus.com/?w1=mens+rea
knotty
PRONUNCIATION: (NOT-ee)
http://wordsmith.org/words/knotty.mp3
MEANING: (adjective)
1. Having knots; gnarled.
2. Intricate; difficult to solve.
ETYMOLOGY: From Old English cnotta. Earliest documented use: Before 1240.
USAGE:
“The government’s collapse presents a new set of knotty difficulties for the EU.” – Seven Days; The Irish Times; Mar 26, 2011.
“Mr. Frishberg’s pianism, with its knotty chords and staccato phrases, was as spiky and emphatic as his personality.” – Stephen Holden; Bernie, Dorothy, and That Interior Voice; The New York Times; Mar 22, 2011.
Explore “knotty” in the Visual Thesaurus.
http://visualthesaurus.com/?w1=knotty
scuttlebutt
PRONUNCIATION: (SKUT-l-but)
http://wordsmith.org/words/scuttlebutt.mp3
MEANING: (noun)
1. Rumor, gossip.
2. A drinking fountain or a cask of drinking water on a ship.
ETYMOLOGY: From scuttle (a small opening in the deck or hull of a ship) + butt (cask). Also see furphy. Earliest documented use: 1801.
NOTES: The word arose from the sailors’ habit of gathering around the scuttlebutt on a ship’s desk. Things haven’t changed much with time. Now we have watercooler gossip in modern offices.
USAGE: “Here’s a roundup of iPad 3 rumors, with a little context as to whether you should believe the scuttlebutt or not.” – Matthew Shaer; iPad 3 Rumors; The Christian Science Monitor (Boston); Dec 14, 2011.
Explore “scuttlebutt” in the Visual Thesaurus.
http://visualthesaurus.com/?w1=scuttlebutt