Today in History (August 31st):
1870: Birthdays: Italian educator Maria Montessori;
1888: Prostitute Mary Ann Nichols became the first reported victim of the notorious London serial killer known as Jack the Ripper.
1897: Thomas Edison was awarded a patent for his movie camera, the Kinetograph. Birthdays: Actor Fredric March;
1903: A Packard automobile completed a 52-day journey from San Francisco to New York, becoming the first car to cross the nation under its own power. Birthdays: Entertainer Arthur Godfrey;
1908: Birthdays: Writer William Saroyan;
1913: Birthdays: English astronomer Alfred Bernard Lovell;
1914: Birthdays: Actor Richard Basehart;
1916: Birthdays: Journalist Daniel Schorr;
1918: Birthdays: Lyricist Alan Jay Lerner;
1924: Birthdays: Comedian Buddy Hackett;
1928: Birthdays: Actor James Coburn;
1935: Birthdays: Baseball Hall of Fame member Frank Robinson, first African-American to manage a major league team; Black militant Eldridge Cleaver;
1945: Birthdays: Violinist Itzhak Perlman; Rock singer/songwriter Van Morrison; Rock musician Bob Welch;
1949: Birthdays: Actor Richard Gere;
1955: Birthdays: Olympic track star Edwin Moses;
1970: Birthdays: Jordanian Queen Rania; Singer/actor Debbie Gibson;
1984: Birthdays: Olympic gold medal skier Ted Ligety.
1986: An Aeromexico DC-9 collided with a single-engine plane over Cerritos, Calif., killing 82 people, including 15 on the ground.
1991: The Soviet republics of Uzbekistan and Kirghizia declared independence, leaving five republics in the Soviet Union. Serbia accepted a European Community proposal that included international observers to oversee a cease-fire in Croatia.
1992: White separatist Randy Weaver surrendered, ending an 11-day siege of his Idaho mountain cabin that cost the lives of his wife and teenage son and a U.S. marshal.
1993: The Israeli government agreed in principle a plan for interim Palestinian self-rule of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Jericho.
1994: The Irish Republican Army declared a cease-fire following six months of secret talks with Britain.
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2003: A Russian K-159 nuclear-powered submarine was lost in the Barents Sea, claiming the lives of nine of its 10-member crew. Russian authorities blamed negligence by navy officials.
2004: In the first major attacks inside Israel in nearly six months, Palestinian suicide bombers blew up two buses almost simultaneously in Beersheba, killing at least 16 passengers and wounding more than 80.
2005: Close to 1,000 people, largely Shiite pilgrims, died in a stampede and the partial collapse of a bridge over the Tigris River in northern Baghdad. In New Orleans, martial law was declared amid reports of looters running wild, food and drinking water dwindling and bodies floating in floodwaters.
2006: Norwegian authorities recovered the world famous painting The Scream by Edvard Munch, stolen at gunpoint, along with Munch’s Madonna, from an Oslo museum nine days earlier.
2007: Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki called for a cease-fire by all armed militias.
2008: While the U.S. economy continued to show signs of distress, stocks and commodities on Wall Street were showing promise as August ended. The Dow Jones industrial average, Standard and Poor’s index and the Nasdaq composite all closed up better than 1 percent and crude oil prices fell almost 7 percent. But, initial claims for unemployment insurance averaged nearly 35 percent higher than the previous August.
2009: The Dow Jones industrial average had its best August in nine years, closing at 9,496.28, a 1-month gain of 3.5 percent. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq also showed gains.
2010: U.S. President Barack Obama announced the end of the American combat mission in Iraq, seven years after the war began. 12 months after its best August in nine years, the Dow Jones industrial average had its worst August in nine years with a drop of 4.3 percent to close at 10,014.72.
2011: The United States imposed new sanctions on Syria, freezing Syrian government assets and banning petroleum product imports from the country. Gold prices surged to records of more than $1,800 an ounce on a volatile U.S. stock market still concerned over an uncertain economy.
Quotes
“Everyone has got to die but I have always believed an exception would be made in my case. Now what?” – William Saroyan, author and playwright, a final statement for publication after his death.
Dr. Maria Montessori (1870-1952) Italian educator:
“Establishing lasting peace is the work of education; all politics can do is keep us out of war.”
“If education is always to be conceived along the same antiquated lines of a mere transmission of knowledge, there is little to be hoped from it in the bettering of man’s future. For what is the use of transmitting knowledge if the individual’s total development lags behind?”
“If help and salvation are to come, they can only come from the children, for the children are the makers of men.”
“Never help a child with a task at which he feels he can succeed.”
“The first idea the child must acquire is that of the difference between good and evil.”
“The greatest sign of success for a teacher… is to be able to say, “The children are now working as if I did not exist.”
“To aid life, leaving it free, however, that is the basic task of the educator.”