Today in History (September 21st):
1645: Birthdays: Louis Joliet, French-Canadian explorer of the Mississippi River;
1780: American Gen. Benedict Arnold gave plans to West Point, N.Y. to the British.
1792: The Legislative Assembly of revolutionary France voted to abolish the monarchy and establish the First Republic, stripping King Louis XVI of most of his power.
1866: Birthdays: British author and historian H.G. Wells;
1874: Birthdays: British composer Gustav Holst;
1893: The first successful American-made, gasoline-operated motorcar appeared on the streets of Springfield, Mass. It was designed and built by Charles and Frank Duryea.
1902: Birthdays: British publisher Allen Lane, who introduced the low-priced paperback book;
1912: Birthdays: Animator Chuck Jones (Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Wile E. Coyote);
1921: Following the sex scandal caused by the arrest of comedian Fatty Arbuckle, Universal announced it would require its actors to sign a morality clause in their contracts.
1931: Birthdays: Actor Larry Hagman;
1934: Birthdays: Singer/songwriter Leonard Cohen;
1935: Birthdays: Actor Henry Gibson;
1936: Birthdays: Radio talk show host Diane Rehm;
1937: J.R.R. Tolkien published The Hobbit.
1938: An estimated 600 people were killed by a hurricane that battered the coast of New England.
1940: Birthdays: Journalist Bill Kurtis;
1944: Birthdays: Comedian Fannie Flagg;
1945: Birthdays: Television producer Jerry Bruckheimer;
1947: Birthdays: Author Stephen King; Musician Don Felder;
1950: Birthdays: Comedian Bill Murray;
1953: Birthdays: Champion race car driver Arie Luyendyk;
1957: Birthdays: Ethan Coen, one of the filmmaking Coen brothers;
1961: Birthdays: Actor Nancy Travis;
1962: Birthdays: Actor Rob Morrow;
1967: Birthdays: Singer Faith Hill;
1968: Birthdays: Actor Ricki Lake;
1971: Birthdays: Actor Luke Wilson;
1981: Sandra Day O’Connor received a unanimous vote in the U.S. Senate to become the first female member of the U.S. Supreme Court.
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1981: Birthdays: Television personality Nicole Richie;
1985: Western intelligence estimates said the Iran-Iraq war in five years had cost nearly 1 million lives.
1991: Armenia became the 12th Soviet republic to declare independence.
1996: U.S. President Bill Clinton signed into law the Defense of Marriage Act, which allowed states to disregard same sex marriages that might be official in other places. John F. Kennedy, Jr., son of the late U.S. president and described by tabloids as the world’s most eligible bachelor, wed Carolyn Bessette.
1998: U.S. President Bill Clinton’s videotaped grand jury testimony, during which he admitted to an inappropriate relationship with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky, was shown on television. It ran more than four hours. Hurricane Georges began a deadly rampage through the Caribbean, killing more than 600 people.
1999: At least 2,300 people were killed when an earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale struck Taiwan.
2001: A telecast by top movie stars and musicians raised more than $500 million for survivors of the victims of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
2003: The spacecraft Galileo approached the fringes of Jupiter’s atmosphere and then was directed to destroy itself in a high-speed plunge.
2004: Two U.S. hostages were killed by suspected Iraqi insurgents within a day of each other. Jack Hensley and Eugene Armstrong, contractors working for a United Arab Emirates firm, were kidnapped from their Baghdad home.
2008: Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, under investigation for corruption, resigned his post and announced he would not run for re-election. In South Africa, Thabo Mbecki, president since 1999, stepped down after losing a power struggle with rival Jacob Zuma. A gas explosion ripped through a coal mine in China’s Henan province, killed 37 miners and injuring seven others.
2009: The U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan, U.S. Army Gen. Stanley McCrystal, said in a confidential report that he needed more troops within a year or the conflict likely would end in failure.
2010: Italian authorities said they had seized $17 million and were investigating two top Vatican bankers for alleged money laundering. A school bus plunged into a river in an area of the Muzaffarabad district in Pakistan, killing at least 14 children.
2011: American hikers Shane Bauer and Joshua Fattal, imprisoned on espionage charges in Iran for more than two years after wandering across the border, were released.
Quotes
“Freedom is the greatest fruit of self-sufficiency.” – Epicurus, Greek philosopher
H. G. Wells (1866-1946) English writer:
“A time will come when a politician who has willfully made war and promoted international dissension will be as sure of the dock and much surer of the noose than a private homicide. It is not reasonable that those who gamble with men’s lives should not stake their own.”
“Adapt or perish, now as ever, is nature’s inexorable imperative.”
“Advertising is legalized lying.”
“Affliction comes to us, not to make us sad but sober; not to make us sorry but wise.”
“And in the air are no streets, no channels, no point where one can say of an antagonist, “If he wants to reach my capital he must come by here.” In the air all directions lead everywhere.”
“Bah! The thing is not a nose at all, but a bit of primordial chaos clapped on to my face.”
“Beauty is in the heart of the beholder.”
“Biologically the species is the accumulation of the experiments of all its successful individuals since the beginning.”
“Crime and bad lives are the measure of a State’s failure, all crime in the end is the crime of the community.”