Today in History (January 20th)

There are 345 days left in the year.

0820: Deaths: Abu Abdallah Mibn Idris al-Sjafi’i Islamic (Book of Mother).

1265: The English Parliament, Britain’s House of Commons and the House of Lords, which became a model for parliamentary bodies, met in the Palace of Westminster for the first time.

1586: Birthdays: Johann Hermann Schein German Composer (Fontana d’Israel).

1612: Deaths: Rudolf II von Habsburg Emperor of Germany (1576-1612), died at the age of 59.

1732: Birthdays: Richard Henry Lee. American Farmer/Patriot/signer of the Declaration of Independence.

1763: Birthdays: Theobald Wolfe Tone Irish patriot.

1778: The first American military court martial trial began, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

1783: U.S. and British representatives signed a preliminary Cessation of Hostilities, which ended the fighting in the Revolutionary War.

1788: Pioneer African Baptist church organized in Savannah, Georgia.

1800: Napoleon I’s sister Carolina married King Joachim Murat of Naples.

1801: John Marshall was appointed the Chief Justice of the United States.

1807: Napoleon convened great Sanhedrin, Paris.

1809: First United States geology book published by William Maclure.

1839: Chile defeated a confederation of Peru and Bolivia in the Battle of Yungay.

1841: China ceded the island of Hong Kong to Great Britain. It returned to Chinese control in July 1997.

1869: Elizabeth Cady Stanton became the first woman to testify before Congress.

1885: The patent for the roller coaster was awarded to L. A. Thompson of Coney Island, New York.

1887: The United States Senate approved an agreement to lease Pearl Harbor in Hawaii as a naval base.

1888: Birthdays: Leadbelly Louisiana, Blues 12 string guitarist (Rock Island Line).

1891: Birthdays: Mischa Elman Talnoye, Ukraine, United States Violinist.

1892: The first officially recognized basketball game was played at the YMCA gym in Springfield, Massachusetts.

1894: Birthdays: Harold Gray, Comic strip creator (Little Orphan Annie).

1896: Birthdays: George Burns, Actor/Comedian.

1899: Birthdays: Alexander Tcherepnin Composer.

1906: Aristotle Onassis, Greek businessman.

1910: Birthdays: Joy Adamson, Austrian naturalist.

1919: Birthdays: Lawrence Dobkin, Actor.

1920: The American Civil Liberties Union was organized. Birthdays: Federico Fellini, Movie/Film Director; DeForest Kelley, Actor (Star Trek – Dr McCoy).

1921: Turkey founded from remnants of Ottoman Empire.

1924: Birthdays: Ottis Slim Whitman, Country Singer.

1926: Birthdays: Patricia Neal, Actress; David Tudor, Composer.

1928: Birthdays: Martin Landau Brooklyn, New York, Actor (Mission Impossible, Tucker, Space 1999).

1930: First radio broadcast of ‘Lone Ranger’ (WXYZ-Detroit). Birthdays: Edwin [Buzz] Aldrin Junior, Astronaut/Second man on the moon.

1933: Birthdays: Ron Townson Pop singer (The Fifth Dimension).

1934: Birthdays: Arte Johnson, Actor/Comedian; Tom Baker, Actor.

1936: Edward VIII became king of the United Kingdom. Deaths: George V King of Britain (1910-36), died at the age of 70, succeeded by Edward VIII.

1937: President Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first chief executive to be inaugurated on January 20 instead of March 4, because of the 20th Amendment to the Constitution. He was inaugurated for his second term as United States President. Birthdays: Dorothy Provine, Actress.

1939: Hitler proclaimed to German parliament his intention to exterminate all European Jews. Birthdays: Paul Coverdell, Republican/Senator (Georgia).

1942: Nazi officials held the notorious Wannsee conference in Berlin, during which they arrived at their ‘Final Solution’ that called for the extermination of European Jews. It was presided over by SS-Gen Reinhard Heydrich and the minutes were taken by Adolf Eichmann. Japanese invaded Burma. Japanese air raid on Rabaul, New Britain.

1943: Deaths: Giacomo Benvenuti Composer, died at the age of 57.

1944: Royal Air Force (RAF) dropped 2300 1-ton bombs on Berlin.

1945: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the only president to be elected to four terms in office, was inaugurated to his final term. FDR died three months later and was succeeded by Harry S. Truman. Birthdays: Eric Stewart, Singer.

1946: The Central Intelligence Group, later to become the Central Intelligence Agency, was established by President Truman. Birthdays: David Lynch, Movie/Film Director (Blue Velvet, Twin Peaks).

1947: Birthdays: Malcolm McLaren, Music Producer/Founder (The Sex Pistols). Deaths: Josh Gibson, Negro League slugger, died at the age of 35 of a brain tumor.
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1948: Deaths: Mohandes Gandhi India Pacifist Leader, assassinated.

1949: President Truman was sworn in for a second term of office. In his inaugural address, Truman branded communism a ‘false philosophy’ as he outlined his program for United States world leadership. Birthdays: Ivana Trump, Former wife of Donald.

1950: Birthdays: Paul Stanley Rock Musician/Singer (KISS); Daniel Benzali Actor (Murder One).

1952: Birthdays: Ian Hill Rock Musician/Bassist (Judas Priest); Paul Stanley, Singer/Musician (Kiss).

1955: Birthdays: Joe Doherty, Ireland, IRA activist (jailed in United States).

1956: Buddy Holly recorded ‘Blue Days Black Night’ in Nashville, Tennessee. Birthdays: Bill Maher, Comedian/Host (Politically Incorrect). Chart Toppers: Sixteen Tons Tennessee Ernie Ford; Rock and Roll Waltz Kay Starr; Memories are Made of This Dean Martin; Band of Gold Don Cherry.

1958: Birthdays: Lorenzo Lamas, Actor (Renegade).

1960: Elvis Presley was promoted to sergeant in the United States Army.

1961: John F. Kennedy was inaugurated as the 35th United States President. He said as part of his brief address, ‘Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.’ Robert Frost recited ‘Gift Outright’ at J. F. Kennedy’s inauguration. Francis Poulenc’s ‘Gloria,’ premiered in Boston.

1964: Birthdays: Ozzie Guillen, Former Major League Baseball manager/player. Chart Toppers: There! I’ve Said It Again Bobby Vinton; Surfin’ Bird The Trashmen; Love’s Gonna Live Here Buck Owens; Forget Him Bobby Rydell.

1965: Generalissimo Francisco Franco met with Jewish representatives to discuss legitimizing Jewish communities in Spain. Byrds recorded ‘Mr Tambourine Man’. Birthdays: John Michael Montgomery, Country Singer/Musician. Deaths: Alan Freed, Disc Jockey, Coined the term ‘rock ‘n’ roll’.

1967: Birthdays: Stacey Dash, Actress.

1968: Birthdays: Xavier, Singer; Melissa Rivers, Television Show Host/Personality.

1969: Richard M. Nixon was inaugurated as President of the United States. Birthdays: Skeet Ulrich, Actor (Scream).

1972: Chart Toppers: Sunshine Jonathan Edwards; Let’s Stay Together Al Green; Carolyn Merle Haggard; American Pie Don McLean.

1977: #1 Billboard Pop Hit: ‘I Wish,’ Stevie Wonder. The song is the first single from the album ‘Songs in the Key of Life,’ which is only the third album to debut at #1 on Billboard’s Top Pop Albums chart. Chart Toppers: I Wish Stevie Wonder.

1978: Columbia Pictures paid $9.5 million for movie rights to ‘Annie’.

1980: President Jimmy Carter announced the United States boycott of the Moscow Olympics. Chart Toppers: Rock with You Michael Jackson; Do that to Me One More Time The Captain and Tennille; Cruisin’ Smokey Robinson; Coward of the County Kenny Rogers.

1981: Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States at the age of 69 and 349 days, the oldest president to take office. Iran released 52 Americans it had held hostage for 444 days, minutes after the presidency had passed from Jimmy Carter to Ronald Reagan.

1984: Deaths: Johnny Weissmuller United States Swimmer (Olympics-5 gold-1924, 28)/Movie Actor (Tarzan), died at the age of 79.

1986: The United States observed the first federal holiday in honor of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Junior. Britain and France announced joint plans to build rail tunnels underneath the English Channel.

1987: Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite was kidnapped while on a mission to Beirut negotiating the release of Westerners being held hostage in Lebanon. He was not released until December 1991. #1 Billboard Pop Hit: ‘At This Moment,’ Billy Vera and the Beaters. The song takes off after being featured in several episodes of the NBC television show ‘Family Ties’. Chart Toppers: At This Moment Billy Vera and the Beaters.

1988: The Beach Boys, the Beatles, the Drifters, Bob Dylan and the Supremes are among those inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Deaths: Philippe de Rothschild, Bordeaux Vineyard Manager, died at the age of 86 in Paris, France. Chart Toppers: The Way You Make Me Feel Michael Jackson; One Friend Dan Seals; Need You Tonight INXS; Got My Mind Set on You George Harrison.

1989: Reagan became first President elected in a ‘0’ year, since 1840, to leave office alive. George Bush was inaugurated as the 41st President of the United States. Dan Quayle was sworn in as Vice President of the United States.

1990: At least 62 civilians were killed and more than 200 wounded when the Soviet army stormed into the city of Baku, Azerbaijan, the capital of the republic to end what Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev called fratricidal killing between Muslim Azerbaijanis and Christian Armenians. The space shuttle Columbia returned from an 11-day mission. Deaths: Barbara Stanwyck, Actress, died at the age of 82 in Santa Monica, California.

1993: William [Bill] J. Clinton was inaugurated for his first term as the 42nd president of the United States. That night, he picked up a saxophone and jammed at five of the 12 inaugural balls he and his wife, Hillary, attended. Deaths: Audrey Hepburn, Oscar-winning actress, died of cancer at her home in Switzerland at the age of 63.

1994: Shannon Faulkner became the first woman to attend classes at The Citadel, South Carolina’s all-male military school, in its 151-year history. She joined the cadet corps in August 1995, under court order, but soon dropped out, citing isolation and stress. Robert B. Fiske Junior was appointed by Attorney General Janet Reno to investigate President and Mrs. Clinton’s Arkansas land deals.

1995: The United States State Department announced a partial lifting of economic sanctions against North Korea. The Japanese government, criticized for being slow to respond to Kobe’s devastating earthquake, admitted its initial reaction might have been ‘confused’. A strike-shortened National Hockey League season opened with teams playing a 48-game schedule instead of the usual 84.

1996: Yasser Arafat was elected president of the Palestinian Authority with 88 percent of the vote. Deaths: Buster Benton, Singer/Guitarist, died at the age of 64.

1997: U.S. President Bill Clinton was inaugurated for his second term in office. Millionaire Steve Fossett landed in northern India after a record-setting bid to become the first person to circle the globe in a hot air balloon. Deaths: Edith Haisman, The oldest survivor of Titanic, died at the age of 100.

1998: Warner Brothers television Network began Tueday night programming. A multimedia exhibit featuring more than 250 covers from Rolling Stone magazine and artifacts from the Rock And Roll Hall of Fame kicks off a free tour of United States colleges at New York University in New York. A jury was selected in Amarillo, Texas, to hear a multi-million-dollar lawsuit filed by Texas cattlemen against talk show host Oprah Winfrey over on-air comments about beef safety.

1999: Stone Temple Pilots frontman Scott Weiland, on probation for a 1997 heroin case, is arrested and faces a hearing for failing to provide a urine sample to his live-in drug treatment center. For a second day, President Clinton’s legal team argued its case before the Senate, saying that House-passed articles of impeachment were flawed and unfair.

2000: Chart Toppers: What A Girl Wants Christina Aguilera on RCA; Smooth Santana Featuring Rob Thomas on Arista; My Love Is Your Love Whitney Houston on Arista; I Wanna Love You Forever Jessica Simpson on Columbia; I Need To Know Marc Anthony on Columbia; I Knew I Loved You Savage Garden on Columbia; Hot Boyz Missy ‘Misdemeanor’ Elliot Featuring Nas, Eve and Q-Tip on The Gold Mind; Bring It All To Me Blaque on Track Masters; Blue (Da Ba Dee) Eiffel 65 on Republic; Back At One Brian Mcknight on Motown.

2001: George W. Bush was inaugurated as the 43rd president of the United States. Just hours before leaving office, U.S. President Bill Clinton issued 176 pardons — a number of them controversial.

2003: Britain said it was sending 26,000 troops to the Persian Gulf for possible deployment to Iraq but France said it wouldn’t support a U.N. resolution for military action.

2006: Lawrence Franklin, a former U.S. State Department analyst and Iran expert, was sentenced to 12 years in prison for passing classified information to Israel and two pro-Israeli lobbyists. (The sentence was later reduced to probation and 10 months of home confinement.)

2007: U.S. Sen. Hillary Clinton, D-N.Y., became the first former first lady to seek the U.S. presidency when she entered the race for the 2008 Democratic nomination.

2008: Israeli Cabinet ministers called for the death of Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah, who claimed to have the remains of Israeli soldiers killed in Lebanon.

2009: Barack Obama was sworn in as the United States’ 44th president and the nation’s first African-American chief executive. In an 18-minute inaugural address, he urged the more than 1 million people who braved the sub-freezing weather to hear him in person, to join him to begin again the work of remaking America.

2010: U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates warned of a syndicate of terrorist groups operating under al-Qaida leadership in the Afghan-Pakistan area dedicated to destabilizing the region. Senior Hamas Commander Mahmoud al-Mabbouh was assassinated in his hotel room while on a visit to Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

2011: U.S. and local law officers arrested more than 100 suspected mobsters among seven families in New York, New Jersey and Rhode Island on a variety of charges including murder, racketeering and extortion. Two explosions targeting Shiite pilgrims in Iraq killed at least 32 people and wounded 150 others about 60 miles south of Baghdad.

2012: U.S. lawmakers agreed on a temporary funding bill that averted a shutdown of the Federal Aviation Administration. Difficult labor-related issues were blamed for the delay in reaching a compromise. China added its voice to nations warning Iran against developing nuclear weapons. Lagging U.S. home sales ended a difficult year on a high note with a gain in full-year sales volume.

2014: U.S. President Barack Obama, first lady Michelle Obama and their daughters joined presidential aides, veterans and others at the non-profit D.C. Central Kitchen on Martin Luther King Jr. Day to help prepare meals for shelters in the Washington area.


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