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Today is the 286th day with 79 to follow.
Columbus Day (United States)
0054: The Roman Emperor Claudius was poisoned by his fourth wife, Agrippina.
1754: Birthdays: American Revolutionary War heroine Molly Pitcher.
1775: The Continental Congress ordered construction of America’s first naval fleet.
1792: The cornerstone to the White House was laid. It would be November 1800 before the first presidential family (that of John Adams) moved in.
1812: The Battle of Queenston Heights took place.
1853: Birthdays: Actor Lillie Langtry.
1876: Birthdays: Baseball Hall of Fame member Rube Waddell.
1884: Greenwich in England made the prime meridian for Earth’s longitude.
1885: Georgia Institute of Technology was founded in Atlanta.
1903: The Boston Americans (later known as the Red Sox) beat the Pittsburgh Pirates to win the first World Series, five games to three.
1909: Birthdays: Editorial cartoonist Herbert Block.
1912: Birthdays: Actor Cornel Wilde.
1917: As many as 100,000 people gathered in Fatima, Portugal, for the Miracle of the Sun and its strange solar activity and, for some, a reported glimpse of the Virgin Mary. Birthdays: Puppeteer Burr Tillstrom.
1921: Birthdays: Actor/singer Yves Montand.
1925: Birthdays: Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher; Comedian Lenny Bruce.
1926: Birthdays: Jesse L. Brown of Hattiesburg, MS, the first African-American naval aviator, Distinguished Flying Cross.
1939: Birthdays: Actor Melinda Dillon.
1941: Birthdays: Singer/songwriter Paul Simon.
1943: Conquered by the Allies, Italy declared war on Germany, its former partner.
1944: Birthdays: Musician Robert Lamm, from the band Chicago.
1947: Birthdays: Rocker Sammy Hagar.
1953: Birthdays: Horse racing Hall of Fame member Pat Day.
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1957: Birthdays: Chris Carter, creator of The X-Files.
1959: Birthdays: Entertainer Marie Osmond.
1962: Birthdays: Actor Kelly Preston; Football Hall of Fame member Jerry Rice.
1967: Birthdays: Olympic gold medal winner Cuban high jump specialist Javier Sotomayor.
1969: Birthdays: Figure skater Nancy Kerrigan.
1971: Birthdays: Actor Sacha Baron Cohen.
1972: More than 170 people were killed when a Soviet airliner crashed near the Moscow airport. Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 carrying 45 people, including a rugby team from Montevideo, crashed in the Andes mountains. It took 72 days for rescuers to learn the fate of the 16 survivors.
1977: Four Palestinians hijacked a Lufthansa airliner in an unsuccessful attempt to force release of 11 imprisoned members of German terrorists called the Red Army Faction.
1982: Birthdays: Olympic gold medal winning Australian swimmer Ian Thorpe.
1987: Costa Rican President Oscar Arias Sanchez was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize — the first winner from Central America. Arias was recognized for his work promoting democracy and peace in Central America.
1990: Lebanese Christian military leader Michel Aoun ended his two-year mutiny, ordered his forces to surrender, and sought refuge in the French Embassy in Beirut after Syrian-backed Lebanese government troops attacked his headquarters.
1994: Two months after the Irish Republican Army announced a cease-fire. Protestant paramilitaries in Northern Ireland did the same.
1999: The U.S. Senate rejected a treaty signed by the United States that banned underground nuclear testing. Despite that, U.S. President Bill Clinton pledged to abide by the treaty’s provisions.
2003: Jockey Bill Shoemaker, one of horse racing’s most renowned figures who won nearly 9,000 races, died at his home in San Marino, Calif. He was 72.
2004: Investigators reported unearthing a mass grave in northern Iraq containing hundreds of bodies of women and children believed killed in the 1980s.
2005: About 128 people were killed in clashes between Islamic militants and law enforcement officers in the southern Russian town of Nalchik.
2006: Bangladeshi economist Muhammad Yunus, dubbed the banker to the poor, won the Nobel Peace Prize for grassroots efforts to lift millions out of poverty. U.S. Rep. Robert Ney, R-Ohio, the only congressman charged in a Washington lobbying scandal, pleaded guilty to conspiracy in a deal calling for a 27-month prison sentence.
2008: U.S. markets surged after European leaders announced plans to shore up their financial systems. The Dow Jones industrial average took a record leap of 936.43 points, 11.08 percent, to 9,387.61, grabbing back a large chunk of losses from its worst week in 112 years when the DJIA dropped nearly 2,400 points. The Nasdaq composite and the Standard and Poor’s 500 also gained better than 11 percent.
2009: The U.S. Senate Finance Committee approved its $829 billion healthcare reform package on a 14-9 vote, one of five bills to be merged into a single massive proposal.
2010: After more than two months entombed half a mile under the Chilean desert, the first of the 33 trapped miners was pulled to safety through a narrow passageway drilled through more than 2,000 feet of rock to be followed in the next 24 hours by the rest of the crew in a dramatic, determined storybook finale to a remarkable rescue mission.
2011: U.S. President Barack Obama accused individuals in the Iranian government of financing and directing an alleged plot to assassinate Adel al-Jubeir, Saudi Arabia’s U.S. ambassador. Obama called it part of a pattern of dangerous and reckless behavior by the Iranian government.
2012: Authorities in Afghanistan said a suicide bomber killed at least seven Afghan intelligence officers in Kandahar province, and five security guards employed by a private company died in coordinated terrorist bombings in Zabul province.
2013: A stampede by masses of worshipers crossing a bridge over the Sindh River at a Hindu festival in India’s Madhya Pradesh state killed more than 100 people and injured scores of others. A police official said people panicked as rumors spread that the bridge was collapsing.